This weekend I went on a trip with Eric, Megan, and meet up with Tom and his friend Collin on an epic weekend in pinnacles. It did not go as planned, but it was still a lot of fun; however, there was a very dangerous incident that occured that could have proved fatal under slightly different circumstances which overshadowed the whole weekend(at least for me). Let me give a day-by-day report.
The plan for the weekend was as so: we’d arrive Friday night, camp, get up early the next day and do machete ridge. It’s an AWESOME 6 pitch “climb”(really more of an alpine adventure) that traverses over a bunch of spires on machete ridge. It’s not very hard — maybe 5.7 on the hardest pitch; it’s all sport, and doesn’t require any trad gear, but knowledge of how to rappel.
Here’s a post on mountain project about it:
https://www.mountainproject.com/route/106912474/old-original
I was SUPER excited as I had never done anything like this before. I was capable of all the technical aspects — rapallling, setting up anchors on bolts and natural protection(trees), how to combine ropes for rappelling, fourth class traversing. It seemed totally within my technical limit.
The main unknowns in my mind where 1) how much time was this going to take? and 2) how do we do this with a backpack? Seems kinda annoying.
Since the days are short around this time of year(sun rises at 7, sets at 5), I figured we’d get an early start and just spend the day(10 hours) going along the ridge. Well –closer to 9 hours, since it’d take us an hour to hike in. That should be plenty of time, right?
As for the backpacks, I only had my 22 liter, and my giant backpacking backpack(60 liters). My idea was we’d try hauling the backpack up on the hard pitches, and carry it on the pitches that weren’t as hard. Failing that, I’d just carry it up all the pitches.
So that was the plan anyways. Basically nothing went according to plan.
Here’s what happened:
We arrived at the campsite on Friday night. Traffic was really bad — (an hour! to get from the easy bay to SF). We stopped by whole foods(to pick up food –they only had vegan marshmallows — lol what?), and the habit for food. By the time we were at the campsite we were behind schedule a bit — it was 10 PM, and the plan was to wake up at 6, get ready in an hour, and take an 1 – 1 1/2 hours to hike in, so be at the base at 8-8:30. So that’s okay, we’ll just get a little bit less sleep, NBD.
That night I had trouble sleeping — probably because I woke up at 10 am that day, and was excited about the next day. Also I should mention it was COLD — below freezing; Megan’s car said it was 28 degrees the next day when we left, so I can only imagine how cold it actually got.
Anyways, we wake up at 6 the next day, before dawn, and make breakfast and whatnot. By the time we leave it’s already 8 — an hour behind schedule, but hopefully NBD right?
We arrive at the trailhead around 8:15-8:20. We do the hike in, passing another group that was doing an alternative version of the route that starts elsewhere and has aid sections — I had briefly considered us doing that but went against it, mainly because I didn’t want to add to much new stuff to the plate on this day.
It took us a while to actually locate the ridge; after hiking in and getting to “machete ridge”(the north end), it probably took us another 45 minutes to locate the start — we did it with surprisingly little trouble(with respect to finding climbing routes anyways). By the time we got to the base of the climb it was 10:30 — 4 1/2 hours after we had woken up, and 2 1/2 hours behind schedule. I thought we could skip a few parts of the traverse and that’d save us some time(like middle tour).
I should also note that I had changed our route to have an alternative start — we were starting on bullseye (1 pitch) to derringer(2 pitches), and that would meet us up with the normal start of old original. This was an extra 2 pitches to our climb. One comment said this would take a “full day” on the mountain project forum.
I led the first pitch with little trouble, without a backpack on. Not really too run out, not too hard, kind of fun. Great!
At this point, I should mention the gear we were carrying. I was carrying a couple of cams, nuts, a couple of quick draws, lots of other random gear(anchor building, a bunch of alpine draws, rappelling gloves, etc) a mirrorless camera, a lens, some food, 1.5 liters of water, sunscreen, a cap, some other small things here and there. My pack was pretty damn heavy. I had also brought my 70m rope.
Eric had(and was carrying) a 70m rope, a 30m rope, and a few quick draws. I assume he also had food, water, and things for a day out as well.
We both had our backpacking packs and they were pretty heavy.
So after I completed the first pitch, Eric followed me. The way we were setup, I was attached to eric but a rope, and then Eric was also attached to Megan. So basically I’d lead, he’d follow, and then he’d belay Megan. I’d had this done once before on a trip in Thailand, and it wasn’t a problem. And after the “incident”, I don’t think I would have done things differently(in terms of that), however my inexperience of thinking of a system like this may be what lead to the issue that occurred.
The incident
Once Eric was at the top of the pitch with me, he had instructed Megan to clip my backpack onto the rope with an overhand on a bite:

That way we could lug up the backpack. We started lugging it up, and it was HEAVY. It took both me and Eric coordinating our movements to get the backpack up. After a bunch of work, and after we got it 1/2 way up(Megan says it was 3/4 of the way up but I suspect it was less based on the distance left in the climb and us not seeing it), it got caught under a “lip” which we couldn’t pull it past. We pulled and pulled, but nothing.
We decided it was futile to try and pull it up, so Eric decided to descend down to it and bring it up on his back.
I think I had been pulling the backpack up with a ATC — or on second thought, we might have just been pulling it up with our hands, and dropping it would have lost our progress.
In any case, so we didn’t lose our current “progress” of pulling the backpack up, I put the rope on a clove hitch on a quickdraw that was attached to our anchor. Now that I was hands free with the backpack, Eric started his decent down to the backpack. Eric still had his rope that was attached to me, so I was simply lowering him on a GriGri. Eric was ALSO attached to another rope that was going down to the backpack, and then down to Megan. Note that Megan was tied in at the bottom — a very important note.
Now at some point, Eric couldn’t descend anymore — this was because the green rope, which was attached to him, then to the clove hitch at the anchor, then to the backpack, and then to Megan. This rope was taught between him and the clove hitch at the anchor. It looked like this:

Notice how eric is tied into two ropes — the purple one going to me, which I’m lowering him on, and the green one which is clove hitched to the anchor so it can’t go anywhere.
Now again, Eric was taught on the green rope and couldn’t lower anymore. In my mind, the problem and solution was simple — simply undo the green rope from the clove hitch, and Eric will be able to continue to lower. I have him on the purple rope, so he won’t fall. The rope will simply slide to the ground and let him continue.
Now I made this decision in about 2-3 seconds. I neglected to remember that the backpack was attached to this rope. I somewhat forgot that Megan was attached to the rope(she was on the ground, so I assumed she was “safe”). And as I type this, I realize how dumb it is to think that undoing the green rope will allow Eric to descend — the whole reason he’s descending is so that he can grab the backpack, which is attached to the rope!
So anyways, I undo the green rope and let it drop. Then I see it quickly falling. I hear megan yell “the backpack is falling!” I realize I had made a mistake(oops, dropped the backpack), but didn’t realize how bad it was. The backpack probably took 3-4 seconds to completely fall. During this time I processed the information that Eric might get yanked pretty hard if/when the backpack gets taught, so let me make sure I’m holding on tight to the break hand of the grigri.
What I DIDN’T consider:
1)The backpack might land on Megan(pretty bad)
2)The backpack might bounce off a cliff, AND TAKE MEGAN WITH IT(very very bad).
To be honest, I had kinda forgotten(in those 3-4 seconds) that megan was down there really and was a concern to be reasoned about — perhaps because I hadn’t had a lot of experience with 3 people climbing at a time.
In any case, number 2 is what ends up happening.
The backpack slides down and lands on the ledge with Megan, and the CONTINUES to slide down past her to ledge 2. Megan says a few moments after she saw the backpack falling she realized she might get dragged with it. She decided to brace herself and grab onto whatever she can.
Now what happens next is somewhat interesting — Megan said she felt a big of a tug/pull, and that was it. When we went to retrieve the backpack, it seems like it had landed on ledge 2.
Eric said he might/might not have experienced tension on his side of the rope as well — he can’t quite remember.
Surprisingly, when Eric went down to get the backpack, it was mostly fine. I couldn’t notice any serious tears or breakages in it. In any case, either before Vietnam or after I will be retiring this backpack(or perhaps sending it into Opsery to be fixed!). It has gone on ALL my backpacking trips — through Iceland, my 2 months abroad, to being sprayed with human feces in Chile, to my belt loop being used as a tourniquet when my friend fell off a cliff, to falling off this cliff itself. It’s had quite a time.
Also, miraculously, my camera and second lens that were in there were fine — yay for putting stuff in cases! However, my phone screen had shattered. Perhaps the fall wasn’t as bad as I thought for the backpack, or perhaps my cases just really protected my camera.
Now to some serious stuff.
Analysis
This event could have EASILY been fatal. The only reason it WASN’T was because that ledge #2 was there. If it had not been, and if instead there had just been free air that the backpack had fallen into, Megan would have certainly been yanked off the cliff. Because the distance of rope between her and Eric was pretty high, she would have taken a pretty bad fall before be caught by his end of the rope.
It was also strange that Megan only felt a slight tug on the rope — that would only happen if the distance of rope between her and the backpack was precisely the distance between her and ledge 2. It would have made more sense if she felt a STRONG pull and was pulled off(because the distance between her and the backpack was shorter than her and ledge 2), or didn’t feel much pull at all(because the distance between her and the backpack was MORE than her and ledge 2). However, she described it as a pull, and she said the rope was taught between her and the backpack once everything stopped. I don’t dispute her story, but it seems *very* lucky that the rope was *exactly* the length of the cliff, in that it’d cause only a slight pull rather than yanking her off her feet. Perhaps I don’t understand the physics 100%, and under/overestimate how much of a tug the backpack would cause; but it doesn’t matter, because theoretically(and in a very probably case), the backpack could have fallen into free space and could have yanked her off her ledge.
It’s also worth noting that this is basically a greater than 1 factor fall(probably close to factor 2) involving the backpack — it fell twice the distance as rope was out. If you think of the backpack as a climber, and Megan a belayer, the backpack fell that distance(to Megan), and then that distance again, to ledge 2. This is not good for your rope — they’re only rated for some many falls that are > 1. You can read more here:https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/questions/508/climbing-rope-is-rated-to-x-uiaa-falls-what-is-a-uiaa-fall
Here’s a better explanation(I think) of fall factor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_factor
It’s basically just distance of rope out / distance of fall. The only way you can have a > 1 fall factor is if you fall past the belayer, and the greatest fall factor you can have is 2.
Now it is the case that the backpack was much lighter than what these ropes are tested for(40lbs vs 180 pounds), and the factor fall might have been much less because the backpack was sliding, and it might not have fully extended the length of the rope because of my misunderstanding of the series of events. But I’ll leave it up to Eric to make the decision about what to do with his rope.
Analysis to prevent this
Now how do I prevent something like this in the future? For one, this isn’t the first something like this has happened — I had a very close call with my friend Sean in Thailand where he was trying to lower off a rappel. You can read more about it here:
Chiang Mai day 2
I just re-read my reflections from that incident, and I would like to say a year later, I think I do follow them. I do do buddy checks. I do have 2 points of safety. I do tell people to put their rappel extension through both leg loops(I actually taught Megan this one just yesterday!). So I’m glad I take my own advise seriously.
Now onto what happened here.
This incident has my questioning my ability to lead other people on these types of trips — people are putting their trust in my, and their lives in my hands(literally). I keep letting them down with foolish mistakes like this. This one especially foolish. If I had just thought for a few more seconds about the consequences of my actions, something like this could have been prevented. I would have realized — 1 the backpack was still on the rope, and that 2 Megan was attached to said rope.
Saying to myself, “just think about your actions a bit more before you do them” is not going to solve this for two reasons.
- It’s hard to form a habit to “think more” at the right times, and it’s too vague of a rule to follow to prevent this.
- Even if I had thought about it longer, I had forgotten that the backpack was on the line to begin with. How this slipped my mind I don’t know, but thinking more might not have solved this.
Regardless, I will try to be more mindful about the things I do when I go climbing. There’s many times I have put a helmet down and it’s rolled off a cliff, or I’ve kicked rocks that almost landed on people’s heads(that was less than a month ago), or other things of that nature. I’ve formulated rules to follow to prevent these specific things(never take off your helmet, be very careful when you’re stepping around on a climb above people), but the root cause is not being mindful.
Eric had a good suggestion on how to prevent these situations: any time you’re doing something you haven’t done at least 5 times, think about it 5 times.
This is pretty good advise. I’ve built an anchor more than 5 times, so even though it’s crucial to get right and dangerous if you fuck it up, I’m confident in my abilities, so I’m not going to do it 5 times.
Lugging up a backpack is something I have NOT done 5 times, so I should definitely think about it 5 times. Or in this case, when I unclip something from a clove hitch when I have another rope that I’m belaying someone on, I should think about it for more than 5 seconds.
Another rule, which I think might be easier to follow than being “mindful” is to be very careful around loading/unloading systems.
In the case with Sean, he was loading a system to check if it was ready to rapell down — obviously it wasn’t, and it could have been fatal if it wasn’t.
In this case, I was unloading a loaded system(the backpack was loading the system).
It intuitively makes sense — if you’re loading a system, you’re most likely putting something into the system for the system to protect — most often this is your life you are loading. If you’re unloading a loaded system — well you better have a damn good reason, because there’s a reason the system is loaded(probably to prevent something from falling).
And to make sure this rule actually checks things that might actually be problematic, I have to make sure I do basic safety checks — that is, to test a system(load it) before fully committing whatever it is to that system. And when unloading a system — though I can’t think of many cases where you’d want to unload a system that is actively being loaded — make sure that there’s nothing depending on that system that you don’t want to fall.
In a greater sense though, I just need to be more mindful. This is something that I not only struggle with in the rock climbing world, but even in my day to day life.
I also want to believe that because we were rushed for time, I was trying to be a bit more quick about things, and never giving things the full amount of thought they deserved — if we hadn’t been so rushed, I think I would have spent more time about this problem. But in the moment I was still hoping we could complete machete ridge, and I wanted to get Eric down as quick as possible so he could get to the backpack. So I wasn’t thinking at my full capacity.
Futhermore, there is a few more rules about leading in general that I want to follow.
For 1, we’re not carrying big-ass backups up a route anymore. Tom’s friend Collin suggested something which intuitively makes sense to me — the leader carries no backpack, the follower carries one. And nothing too big, maybe just a 22 liter. A 2nd 70m rope would *not* fit in 22 liter pack — we’d have to ask around on how people carry this second rope. But some people suggest just to trail it off the end of your gear loop while leading, or just tie into both ropes at the same time. These both make sense — but if this incident has shown me, maybe I should get some professional advise on how to do this, rather than just reading some internet forms.
Next, I don’t want to do 3 people for an adventure like this. It was too many people, and it really slowed us down.
Finally, if I’m going to do an adventure like this, I want to be able to make sure the other person with me is capable of moving *quickly*. What I mean by this is they’re competent in following and doing all the things required for following, belaying, ect — I shouldn’t have to remind them how to do any of this stuff, and anything they do, in terms of setting things up, rope management, ect, should be muscle memory. This also applies to me — obviously lugging a backpack up the side of a hill is not muscle memory.
Once this criteria are met, I’ll try again on Machete ridge. There’s also another “traverse” in Pinnacles that’d I love to try.
Perhaps I’ll try climbing around with a backpack and trailing a rope just to get a better feel for these things.
One more note I’d like to make about time management: this trip had horrible time management. I think I was afraid to tell Eric and Megan that we should wake up REALLY early and ideally be at the crag at sunrise. In a perfect world, I’d have asked them to wake up at 4am with me, and been more strict about leaving the camp on time. That would have given us the chance to arrive at the crag at 7:30, and may be prevented us from being rushed, and perhaps would have prevented “the incident”. I think I need to treat rock climbing with a bit more respect — it can be a “leasuirely” activity, but trips like this need to be respected as a hardcore alpine-like activity, with alpine starts, and an “this is dangerous, respect the mountain” alpine mindset.
To summarize:
- Be mindful
- Be careful and thoughtful when loading/unloading systems(and question why you’re unloading a system)
- Better time management, more strict about time management
- No large backpacks, no backpacks for the leader!
- Get more efficient/comfortable with belaying/clipping/rope management
- Only 2 people on complicated trips
- Only experienced/comfortable people on complicated trip.
So now that the incident has been summarized, onto the rest of the day…
The adventure continues
TBD. I’ll work on this tomorrow.